Study Session Materials

Workshop_25 Basics of Electronics

Part 1 Introduction & Basics

What they are going to cover

• What is Electronics Engineering / Design ??
• How to analize/design electronics circuits

• Whom is this workshop for -> 4th year engineers who are planing to enter Embedded Systems domain

Parts

• Basics Concepts and Passive components
• Semi-conductor Components and circuits
• Digital Circuits , Microprocessors and its interfacing

Part 1

In this part we're going to learn Different perspective of looking at circuits and it's behaviors

• "How to Learn ?" has given more priority/focus than what to learn

• Learning is a self involved process , not passive activity

Exercise

Prerequisites

1. Keep a Pen , Pencil & Eraser ?book???
2. There will many Questions in every session. Do pause the video and answer that ourselves
3. To get maximum benefits from the series, it is highly recommended that:
   • You Pause the video for every question
   • Think , and try to write down your answer(do it ourselves) on the paper
   • Then continue and listen to the answers in the video, Pause video & Analyse
   • For every such question, there will multiple right answers not the right answer.
   • Many times, the way we analyze the problem and arrive at the solution is more valuable than just the answer to the question(trust the process ? the the result?)

What is Engineering

Engineering is finding Practical Solutions (also optimal solutions) to real life problems, using Engineering principles.

Eg:

1. Swimm across -> provided you know swimming & the river is safe to swim
2. Using a boat
3. Using Bridge
   "You have to choose the right solution according to the context"

What is Electronics Engineering

Electronics Engineering is finding practical solutions to real-life problems using Electronics principles
or
Engineering branch which make use of Electrons to Solve Real Life Problems
or
Engineering branch which make use Behaviour of Electrons to Solve Real Life Problems

Electrons

• From where do we get our Workforce (Electrons)?
• How to Motivate the workforce Electrons?

Electro-Motive Force (EMF)

If you move a coil in a magnetic field the electron in the coil get a electro-motive force or a potential difference is induced in that -> Electric Generators

Way of Motivating Electrons

1. Chemical Batteries
2. Generators
3. Solar Energy

How do we quantify the motivation (Quantization)

1. What is Voltage: Potential of the electron do the work -> Potential difference , Unit $Volts(V)$

2. Current: Flow rate(count per seconds) , Unit $Amps(A)$
   Cause <-> Effect Relationship
   eg:
   Cause = Current , Effect is potential difference

3. Power: $\text{Potential}\times \text{Current}$ , Unit $Watts(W)$

Where
$R$ -> Resistance
$i$ -> Current
$P$ -> Power
$V$ -> Potential difference

4. Energy: $\text{Power}\times \text{Time}$ ,Unit $\text{Jules}=\text{Watt- Sec}$ , $Watt-Hr(Wh)$
   or $\text{Potential}\ast \text{Current (integrated over time)}$

Sources of Motivated Electrons

Voltage Source: They regulate the output voltage
Current Source: They regulate the output current

Q: How the current source is limiting the current?

Resistance

Parameters when choosing -> Tolerence,Power,Size,Cost

When current flows through it it there will be a voltage drop across it , The current flow causes heating up the resistor

Capacitors

Unit -> Farada
Reactance/Impedence
Params -> Voltage,Capacity,ESR,Size,Cost
It does not allow suddent change in voltage across the capacitor.

• It stores energy in electric field

• When the frequency increases Reactance/Impedence decreases
• That cause it to act as short circuit in high frequency

Inductor

Unit -> Henry
Reactance/Impedance
Param -> Tolerence,Current,ESR,Size,Cost,
Inductor does not like sudden change in Current through it.

• Change in current flow through an inductor causes change in Magnetic field around it , It oposes current by inducing a voltage around it.

• This is directly contredictory to the capacitor
• when the frequency increases the Reactance/Impedance also increases , causing to act as open circuit in high frequency and short circuit in low frequency