Class Notes

[[#Module 1]]
[[#Module 3]]
[[#Module 4]]
Assignment1
Series Exam 2
main Exam

Module 1

[[#Syllabus]]

Syllabus

08.08.2024

Precedence

name=input("Enter Your Name")
print(name)
print("Hi " + name);

File

It's type is default to String so to convert it into integer

def sum(a, b):
    return a + b
def differece(a, b):
    return a - b
def division(a, b):
    return a / b
def multiplication(a, b):
    return a * b
print("Sum = ", sum(10, 20))
print("Difference  = ", differece(10, 20))
print("Division = ", division(10, 20))
print("Multiplication = ", multiplication(10, 20))

Interpreted -> Line by line compilation or runtime compilation
Intentation -> 4 spaces (Tab) should be ,
- Space is used insted of {},() etc.

Control Statements

main -> Driver function in other languages
In python

if __name__ == "__main__":
  <strting fn here>

IF ELSE

#syntax

if condition:
  code
else

#smple_program

# Find Largest among 2 numbers
def is_large(num_1,num_2):
    if (num_1 > num_2):
        return True
    else:
        return False
num_1 = int(input("Enter the first Number"))
num_2 = int(input("Enter the second Number"))
print("The Bigger Number is ", is_large(num_1,num_2) and num_1 or is_large(num_2,num_1) and num_2)

# Even or off

Iterative Statements(Loops)

For loop

for <variable> in range(<an integer expression>):
	code

#example

for i in range(4):
	print(i)

#example

# print from 1 to 10
for i in range(1,11):
    print(i)

while loops

#syntax

while <condition>:
	<code>

#example

i=1
while (i<11):
    print("2 times " , i , "= " , i*2)
    i+=1

Print all odd number less than 20

i = 1
while(i<21):
	print(i)
	i+=2

16-08-2024

Armstron or Not

# check whether armstron or not
# armstrong = sum of cubes of a given number is = the number itself
def armstrong(number):
    sum = 0
    while number != 0:
        a = number % 10
        sum = sum + (a**3)
        number = number // 10
    return sum


number = int(input("Enter a number"))
if number == armstrong(number):
    print("Number is armstrong")
else:
    print("Number is not armstrong")

armstrong from 1 to 1000

# print armstrong from 1 to 1000
# armstrong = sum of cubes of a given number is = the number itself
def armstrong(number):
    sum = 0
    while number != 0:
        a = number % 10
        sum = sum + (a**3)
        number = number // 10
    return sum


for i in range(1, 1000):
    if i == armstrong(i):
        print(i)

Find if prime

# find out given number is prime or not
staus = 0
def prime_or_not(number):
    if number % 2 == 0:
        print("Number is not prime")
    else:
        for i in range(2, number // 2):
            status = 1
        if status == 1:
            print("Number is prime")


number = int(input("Enter a number"))
prime_or_not(number)

26-08-2024

Functions

#syntax

def function_name(parameters):
	.
	.
	.
	return

def function_name(parameters): function header
#example

def sum(a,b):
	return a+b
def read_input():
	a=int(input("en num 1 "))
	b=int(input("en num 2 "))
	print 'sum is = ' , sum(a,b)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	read_input()

def sum(a,b):
	return a+b
def read_input():
	a=int(input("en num 1 "))
	b=int(input("en num 2 "))
	print 'sum is = ' , sum(a,b)


def single_line_fn():
	a=int(input("en num 1 "))
	b=int(input("en num 2 "))
	sum = lambda x,y:x + y
	print 'sum is = ' , sum(a,b)
def largest_of_2(a,b):
	return a>b

if __name__ == '__main__':
	a = 5
	b =10
	print('largest is ' ,( largest_of_2(a,b) and a )  or ( largest_of_2(b,a) and b ))

Scope and Lifetime

Scope: The

C
Lifetime: The

2024-08-29

Recursive Functions

When a function call it self

def function_name:
    function_name()

2024-08-31

Strings

.center()

s ='Hello'
print(s.center(30))

# print ** before and after
print(s.center(30, "*"))

Is alpha

Returns True is all letters are Alphabets

# return true if it is alpha
print(s.isalpha())

# Output
# True

.isdigit()

Return True only if the string contains all digits

# Return false
print(s.isdigit())

s = 5
print(str(s).isdigit())

.count()

s = "Hi hi hi hi "
print(s.count("i"))
print(s.count("hi"))
# output
# 4
# 3

.endswith()

Returns true if string ends with the provided character

print(s.endswith("hi")) # Returns true if string ends with the provided character

str.find()

Returns the starting location of the given subsequence

print(s.find("Hi"))
# output
# 0

.join()

Contatinates 2 strings

a = "Hello "
b = "Sir"
c = [a, b]
print(" ".join(c))
print("*".join(c))
# output
# Hello Sir
# Hello *Sir

.lower()

a = "HELLo"
print(a.lower())
# output
# hello

In and Not in operator

2024-09-03

Lists


first = [1, 2, 3, 4]
  second = list(range(1, 5))
  print(first)
  print(" length is ", len(first))
  # print single

 for i in range(0, len(first)):
     print(first[i])

2024-09-12

Dictionary

#syntax

a_dict = {"key" : "value" , "key1" : "value1" }
a_dict["key"]
a_dict["key2"]

#example

a = { "name" : "Something" , "age" : "23"}
print(a['name'])
print(a["age"])

Adding Keys and replacing keys
We can use [] operator

a_dict["some key"] = "new_value"

#example

a = { "age" : "23","name" : "Something" }
print(a['name'])
print(a["age"])
a["college"] = "GCEK"
print(a)

Replacing Values

a["college"] = "GCEK"
print(a)
a["college"] = "CET"
print(a)

Set

uses only elements seperated by ","
#example

fruits = {"fruit_1","fruit_2","fruit_3"}

a = { "age" : "23","name" : "Something" }
print(a['name'])
print(a["age"])
a["college"] = "GCEK"
print(a)
a["college"] = "CET"
print(a)
# Prints None if the value is not exist
print(a.get("marks",None)) # .get is the replacement for has_key
print(a.get("marks",True))
print(a.get("marks",False))
print(a.get("name",False))
##### Alternative to get
try:
	print(a["marks"])
except:
	 print(None)

# .pop method is used to remove
a.pop("name")
print(a)
a.pop("name",None)

# len(a) return the length of entries
print(len(a))

############## SET ###########
fruits = {'apple','orenge'}

print("apple" in fruits)
print(fruits)
## pop in set
# It remove the last index item
fruits.pop()
print(fruits)

Module 3

2024-09-27

Key: Class , Objects , OOP , Polymorphism

class Person:
  def __init__(self,fname,lname):
    # __init__ is a constructor it runs automatically when a object is created.
    self.firstname = fname
    self.lastname = lname

  # Functions are __init__ and printname()
  # firstname and lastname are the variables inside the function
  def printname(self):
    print(self.firstname,self.lastname)

  def printlength(self):
      print(len(self.firstname), len(self.lastname))

  def get_age(self, age1, age2):
      self.age1 = age1
      self.age2 = age2

  def print_age(self):
      print(f"John Age is {self.age1} Doe age is {self.age2}")


# How to create Object
x = Person("John","Doe")
# Here x is the object and when the object is created the __init__ is execited
# self is the reference of x
x.printname()

x.get_age(22, 22)
x.print_age()

2024-10-03

Child Class

# class new_child_class(parent_class):
class Student(Person):
  pass

super().init ->

"""Create a Person Class and create child class named Student and add graduation year for Parent class and create a clid class ??? """


class Person:
    def __init__(self, fname, lname):
        self.firstname = fname
        self.lastname = lname

    def printname(self):
        print(self.firstname, self.lastname)


Nivin = Person("Nivin", "Ravichandran")
# Nivin.printname()


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, fname, lname, year):
        super().__init__(fname, lname)
        self.graduationyear = year

    def printname(self):
	    print(self.firstname,self.lastname,self.graduationyear)


Nivin_New = Student("Nivin", "Ravichandran", 2022)

# Nivin_New.printname()

print(Nivin_New.lastname)


class New_Gen_Z(Student):
    def __init__(self, fname, lname, year, age):
        super().__init__(fname, lname, year)
        self.age = age

    def printname(self):
        print(self.firstname, self.lastname, self.graduationyear, self.age)


Manual_New = New_Gen_Z("Manu", "Old", 2022, 22)

Manual_New.printname()

Types of Inheritance

Mainly 4 types of Inheritance

Single Inheritance

graph TB
A --> B
C --> B

Multiple Inheritance

graph TB
A --> B
A --> C
A --> D

Hybrid Inheritance

graph TB
A --> B
A --> C
C --> D
C--> E

Questions

"""Create a class Student with atributes name and roll no. and a method dataprint() for displauing the same. Create two instance of the class and call the method for each instance of the class"""


class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, rollno):
        self.name = name
        self.roll_number = rollno

    def dataprint(self):
        print(f"Name  : {self.name} Roll No : {self.roll_number}")


n = Student("neh", 35)
meg = Student("meg", 32)

n.dataprint()
meg.dataprint()

2024-10-05

PolyMorphism

behave differently based on the type of data they are handling

Function Overloading: Same name but performs different operations

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        pass

class Rectangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, length, width):
        self.length = length
        self.width = width

    def area(self):
        return self.length * self.width

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2

R1 = Rectangle(1,2) 
C1 = Circle(2)
print(f"Area of rectangle:  {R1.area()}")
print(f"Area of Circle : {C1.area()}")

Operator Overloading: Same operator does diffrent things

int(a) + int(b) = int # addition
str(a) + str(a) = str # Contcatination

print(5 + 5 ) # addition 
print("Hello" + " World!") # Concatination

Abstract Class

if a class contains abstract method then it is called as abstract class

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape:
	@abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass
class Circle(Shape):
	def area(self):
		return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape:
	@abstractmethod
	def area(self):
		pass
class Circle(Shape):
	def __init__(self,radius):
		self.radius = radius
	def area(self):
		return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2 
C1 = Circle(2)
print(f"Area is  {C1.area()}")

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Shape:
	@abstractmethod
	def area(self):
		pass
class Circle(Shape):
	def __init__(self,radius):
		self.radius = radius
	def sqr_area(self):
		return (3.14 * self.radius ** 2) ** 2
C1 = Circle(2)
print(f"Area is ", {C1.sqr_area()})

Some source says that this programm will not work because we havent yet defined area() which is a abstract method but this exceutes just fine #doYourOwnReasearch

Concrete Class

If there is no abstract method then it is called as concrete class

Exception

[[#Type error Exception]]
[[#Name error Exception]]
[[#Exception Handling]]

Type error Exception

Type error occurs when the type of the variable is not correct

Name error Exception

Name error occurs when the variable is not defined

Exception Handling

#example

try:
    <Statement>
except <exception type>:
    <Statement>

#anotherExample

try:
    something

except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error {e}")

Multiple Exception Handling

except (TypeError,ValueError,RuntimError) :

Q: Calculate integer error?

2024-10-08

Matplotlib and numpy

matplotlib

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1,2,3,2,3,4,3,4,5,1])
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# plt.plot -> marker reference , line reference , color reference


def plot():
    plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 1])  # it will consider it as y
    plt.show()


def plot_x_n_y():
    xpoints = np.array([0, 6])
    ypoints = np.array([0, 250])
    plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)

    plt.show()


def plot_without_line():
    xpoints = np.array([0, 6])
    ypoints = np.array([0, 250])
    plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints, ".")
    plt.show()


def multple_plots():
    xpoints = np.array([1, 8])
    ypoints = np.array([3, 10])
    plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
    xpoints = np.array([1, 2, 6, 8])
    ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
    plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
    plt.show()


# Mark Points with circle
def mark_with_circle():
    ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
    plt.plot(ypoints, marker="*")
    plt.show()


def color_change():
    ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
    plt.plot(ypoints, "o-.r")  # dot , red color ,circle
    ypoints = np.array([2, 9, 2, 9])
    # plt.plot(ypoints, marker="o")
    plt.show()


def with_marker_size():
    ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
    plt.plot(ypoints, "o-.r", ms=20)  # ms -> marker size
    plt.show()


def with_marker_edge_color():
    ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
    plt.plot(
        ypoints, "o-.r", ms=20, mec="r", mfc="g"
    )  # ms -> marker size , mfc ? and mec ?
    plt.show()

References

Need to complete 15-10-2024's note

python